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Els Tractaments,
a prova
Pensament crític sobre els pretesos efectes dels tractaments
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INPECS | Institut per a l’Excel·lència Clínica i Sanitària
Taller de tractaments màgics (4 hores)
Risc absolut (10 minuts)
Browse Concepts
1.0 – The need for fair tests
1.01 – Treatments can harm
1.02 – Anecdotes are unreliable evidence
1.03 – Association is not necessarily causation
1.04 – Practice is not always evidence-based
1.05 – New is not always better
1.06 – Expert opinion is not always right
1.07 – Conflicts of interest
1.08 – More is not always better
1.09 – Earlier is not necessarily better
1.10 – Hope vs reality
1.11 – Predictions are not always right
1.12 – Dramatic effects are rare
2.0 – What is a fair test?
2.1 – Compares competing treatments
2.2 – Compares like with like
2.3 – Intention to treat analysis
2.4 – Comparison groups are treated equally
2.5 – Participants are blinded to treatment
2.6 – Assesses outcomes equally
2.7 – Follows up everyone
3.0 – The play of chance
3.1 – Small studies are more affected by chance
3.2 – Studies should measure the extent of uncertainty
3.3 – Statistics should be presented in context
4.0 – The body of evidence
4.1 Single studies can be misleading
4.2 – Non-systematic reviews can be misleading
4.3 – Systematic reviews of all the evidence
5.0 – Interpreting evidence
5.1 – Balancing benefits and harms
5.2 – Relative vs absolute measures of effects
5.3 – Averages can be misleading
6.0 – Applying the evidence
6.1 – Outcomes that matter
6.2 – The study population
6.3 – The study intervention/s
6.4 – Subgroup analysis
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